A research station with a volcano was monitored at a height of four thousand meters above sea level, which violates an international ban to broadcast a harmful substance in the ozone layer.Stephen Montzka, a researcher at the US National Oceanic and Calf Administration, was the first to notice this while analyzing data taken by several sites since 2013.
Unanswered, the measurements suggested that the decrease in the decrease in the dangerous jiluru fluoro methane in the atmosphere.The data was surprising, so that Monzka did not believe his eyes until it was confirmed that the Mona Lua Observatory data, which is located in the huge volcano in Hawaii, which monitors the air samples that the wind pushes across the Pacific.
In May 2018, an article published by "Nature" magazine revealed the details of this worrying discovery when he indicated that winds from East Asia carried the polluted material, known as CFC-11.
Hence, an international investigation began to find out the source of the pollution, which would not have occurred had it not been for the initial measurements of air and the levels of gases in it.
In 1996, an international treaty known as the "Montreal Protocol" imposed a global ban on chloroflorocarbons (CFCS) to protect the ozone layer that keeps the Earth from the UV sun.The risk of chloroplorrobrons is that it contains chlorine -destructive ozone gas, and thus efforts have focused on reducing the emissions of that substance by prohibiting their use in products and industries.
But Monzka and his colleagues have noticed that since 2012, the rate of decline in a certain type of chloroplorurcarbon decreased, which is called the Chloro Floro Methan, known as CFC-11.
The evidence of the existence of a new source of that substance, according to Alessrement Manning, one of the British Meteorological Authority, said, such as its different levels in the northern hemisphere, said in the southern hemisphere.
Manning says that the difference in its levels took the breadth between the hemispheres of the globe, indicating the possibility of new emissions from the northern half.
But this was not enough to prove the involvement of a party in prohibited emissions from the CFC-11, until the data received from the Mona Lua Observatory was cut off with certainty.Maning was able to use British meteorological data to find out the most likely source of emissions, and discovered that when the winds were not blowing from East Asia, the measurements of the Mona Lua Observatory were decreased, as it is likely to empty it from that region.
تخطى البودكاست وواصل القراءةالبودكاستمراهقتي (Morahakaty)Teenage taps, from the presentation of a dignity as a vehicle and prepared by Mays Baqi.
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With the spread of news about a possible Asian pollution, several parties volunteered, including the United Nations, which began to investigate, as well as the Environmental Research Agency, a charitable organization that monitors environmental violations.
Claire Perry, one of the agency's activists, says that she and her colleagues realized the importance of the matter and then they were searching for possible pollution sources in China.The researchers contacted several Chinese companies working in chemicals and insulating materials that enter the CFC -11 in their manufacture, and they were surprised by the approval of companies using the polluted material.It is said that a representative of one of them told them, saying: "Of course we buy the CFC-11 and mix it with insulating materials. No one searches our work."
In total, the agency refers to information that suggests 18 companies for CFC-11 in one way or another, most of which are in the manufacture of insulating materials with home appliances.After that, the researchers turned to prove the link between the activity of these companies and the increase in the emissions of the CFC-11 annually, which is estimated at 13 million kilograms, according to Monzka and his colleagues.
To monitor polluted gases in the atmosphere, scientists at the Mona Lua Observatory use what is known as the technique of the color gases where the gases are separated in an air sample by passing through a long tube wrapped, where the rates of arrival of each gas are measured to the end of the tube, the larger particles reach the slower of the smaller parts, whileWhat is known as the mass spectrum is used to monitor particles.
Dependence is also based on special equipment to measure solid and liquid molecules related to the atmosphere, and this can be done by shedding a light beam on the target sample - such as smoke columns - and measuring the refraction of light on the particles. The researchers used these technologies when huge fires erupted in the forests in the Saciurith Moore area in northern England last June to measure pollution caused by smoke that escalated and could be seen from space. The researchers at the University of Manchester used equipment to measure air quality and discovered a severe focus of dangerous particles that resulted from the burning of vegetable organic materials. The research showed that the most dangerous emissions occur when the fires extinguish.
Researchers are working to monitor air pollutants to ensure countries adhere to their pledges. Earlier this year, a research paper suggested that California's commitment to reduce carbon dioxide emissions caused by fossil fuels, after comparing what the state announced with the air samples observed by researcher Heather Griffin and her team at the University of Imperial Coldage in London, using what is known as the massive spectrum speed to measure the carbonate rate Carbon dioxide in the air. Fossil fuels have been present for millions of years ago, and during this long term decreased to what is known as carbon-12, which is slightly smaller in terms of mass and non-radioactive, and therefore the low carbon-14 rate to carbon -12 in the air indicates an increase in carbon dioxide emissions caused by Fossil fuels.
"From the available data and associated with air patterns, we can say that the data provided by California is correct," says Griffin.
It does not stop when fossil fuels are contaminated or monitored by banned gases, but also reveals activities related to nuclear weapons and radioactive materials related to the generation of nuclear energy.
There is a global network to monitor what is known as "radioactive offices" that constantly take samples from the atmosphere to reveal any sudden radiological activity.Any accident or superficial nuclear explosion produces radioactive isotopes, or radioactive claws, spread in the air and carried by the winds to capture different stations of samples of them daily and determine radioactive sensors type of thes of the isotopes emitted.
In October 2017, the French Radiological Safety Authority revealed an unexpected increase in one of the isotopes, Rothynium-106, which was monitored by several European networks, and it was quick to reassure that this increase is not harmful to humans, and that Jean-Luk Lachum, the body researcher, confirmed that the increase was a worryThe beginning is for fear of an accident in a nuclear facility, given that every nuclear activity produces isotopes that differ from others.Lasoom says that the monitoring of the iodine-131 in the air is expected to be associated with radioactive materials used in hospitals, while routinium-106 is one of the rare isotopes.
The French Authority suspected that this analog is caused by a Russian glasses facility called the Mayak facility, which was in the process of producing Cesium-144 in 2017 (it is necessary to produce routinium-106 in preparation for the production of Cesium-144).The wind movement analysis also indicated to eastern Russia as a possible source of counterpart emission.Has an accident that was not announced by the Mayak facility, which led to the resurrection of Ruthenium-106 in the sky of Europe?
Russian officials denied any accident, and Lachum was unable to assert the source of the radioactive counterpart.
But as scientists over the world continue to monitor the atmosphere, there is no doubt that they will reveal many secrets, whether in terms of nuclear accidents or prohibited emissions.